Both views are positively associated with religious beliefs. This matter has led to strong dualism - which emphasises that the mind or soul and body are different, entirely independent substances - and emergentism - which maintains that the mind and brain are qualitatively different but interdependent. beliefs in God, celestial beings, the unseen world and the life hereafter). Psychological research indicates that accepting any view of the relationship between the soul and body seriously impacts one's basic religious beliefs (e.g. Keywords: property-emergentism substance-emergentism consciousness mind soul. Demonstrating the immaterial reality of human existence provides the ground for theological issues such as afterlife and religious morality It uses the basics of emergentism, including natural evolution, to link science and religion in believing the existence of the immaterial soul. Also, we attempted to respond to property-emergentists' objections to substance-emergentism.ĬONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to prove and accept the emergence of the immaterial soul after the stages of natural evolution of the body. These arguments, which apply the philosophy of Mulla Sadra, could be considered by philosophers of mind and religion, as well as theologians who follow some religious beliefs such as the afterlife on existence and survival of the soul. We also explored the impossibility of representing big images on the small monitor and the incapacity of physical entities being conscious because of their intrinsic multiplicity, absence and deficiency. In this article, we presented some arguments supporting substance-emergentism by analysing various properties of consciousness, including the first-person perspective, referral state, qualia, being active, causative, non-atomic, interpretative, inferential and inventive (emanative and innovative). From the emergent property of consciousness to the emergence of the immaterial soul or mind's substanceĭepartment of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Ahl al-Bayt Studies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic RepublicĪccording to property-emergentism, consciousness is an emergent property of certain aggregate neurological constructions, whereas substance-emergentism maintains that the emergence of consciousness depends on the emergence of mental substance or soul.
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